Nephrology

Nephrology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the health of your kidneys – the two organs that filter waste, balance fluids and electrolytes, and help control blood pressure. If you have a condition that affects your kidneys or your body’s ability to maintain proper fluid and chemical balance, you may be referred to a nephrologist.

A nephrologist is a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating kidney-related diseases and disorders, including:

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
• Kidney failure
• Kidney infections
• High blood pressure (especially when it’s hard to control)
• Electrolyte imbalances (like low or high potassium or sodium)
• Kidney stones (in some cases)
• Glomerulonephritis (inflammation in the kidneys)
• Polycystic kidney disease
• Dialysis care and management

They also monitor people with diabetes or hypertension, which are major risk factors for kidney problems.

Your primary care doctor or another specialist may refer you to a nephrologist if:

• Blood or urine tests show signs of kidney trouble
• You have persistent swelling, especially in your legs or around your eyes
• Your blood pressure is difficult to manage
• You have frequent urinary issues or abnormal lab results
• You’ve been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease or kidney failure
• You're starting or already on dialysis or considering a kidney transplant

At your first appointment, the nephrologist will:

• Review your medical history
• Discuss your symptoms and lifestyle
• Order or review blood and urine tests
• Possibly order imaging (like an ultrasound)
• Create a treatment plan that might include diet changes, medication, or monitoring

If you have advanced kidney disease, they will talk with you about long-term treatment options like dialysis or transplant evaluation.

Good kidney health starts with:

• Managing diabetes and blood pressure
• Staying hydrated (but not overdoing it)
• Avoiding too much salt, processed foods, and over-the-counter pain relievers
• Getting regular checkups, especially if you have risk factors

Nephrologists work closely with dietitians, primary care doctors, and other specialists to protect your kidney function as long as possible.

In many cases, yes – especially if your insurance requires it. Talk to your primary care provider if you think you need to see a nephrologist.